Kiha 58 and Kiha 47 Meeting at Okoba Station

According to most sources, there used to be both local and express traffic on the Hisatsu Line. The local traffic is still carried by KIHA 47s and KIHA 140s (the famous Isaburou-Shinpei trainset), and the express traffic used to be represented by the Ebino express, i.e. KIHA 58 in white with blue stripe ("Kyushu") or special blue livery. It is also clear that since the express service through the Hisatsu Line became discontinued, the train meets at the picturesque Okoba station do not happen any more. To my surprise, however, the video hereunder is dated November 2008 and proves that the train meet at Okoba still happens, at least from time to time.

The video shows KIHA 58 at the upper portion of the loop, at the switchback, meeting with KIHA 47, and finally leaving the scene via the lower station exit.

Recent Activities

Quite a lot has been happening recently. First of all, I have devoted some time to testing and continuous operation of my Class 9600 No. 39679. Some internet search revealed that this particular loco was used on Hokkaido, so it should not theoretically be regarded as a start for the Kyushu layout pictured in previous posts, but according to Google these steam beauties were used on Kyushu as well, so no problem here.

Class 9600 No 39679 from Microace A0327 Set pulling Kato boxcars 

The engine looks quite impressive and quite in place for its consist, however it does not perform too well on slow speeds in DC mode. First I thought that the cab-tender link was too low and actually made contact with turnout elements,  now (after some bending and testing) I feel the problem is with my old DC box which may be not quite up to date (though my Liliput and Roco and LH stock runs quite well). As I don't think I'll ever buy a suitable DC box, I'd rather spend the money on a suitable decoder. On high speeds the engine is quite ok and rumbles on a test track loop with its headlight in full bloom. But as it slows, the speed begins to float. May be the DCC load compensation feature will solve the problem, I'll keep posting.

Second, I have been lucky enough to acquire a steam engine service station kit from Tsugawa Yoko Co., Ltd., Inc. It is a colored plastic kit intended for assembly and optional painting. The kit includes a water tower with a pump-house, a couple of water columns with separate valves, an elevated deck which I suppose should be indended for coaling, a couple of shallow tanks with yet unknown function (one may be for ashes to be collected under the track and the other for sand, but who would keep sand out in the open?) and eight wooden planks/platforms which functions I haven't been able to guess. All in all, it took a couple of tries to scan the instruction, OCR it and feed to google translator to get a result. 

Steam Servicing Facility Kit

I have also been doing some work on the trackplan, quite successful - thanks for the useful and timely advice - but remembered that the elevation issue has still not been resolved, which means the trains should climb a grade via a loop, then descend in a couple of carlengths - completely impossible. Therefore I'm beginning to think I need to do something more simple just to get started, and move to mountains and stuff a bit later.

Trackplan Version 2

Another couple of hours of work, and voila, the second version:

As usual, only Tomix track is used, though in order to complete the loop and the lower entrance I had to apply "generic flex" elements, otherwise the loop won't close, I wonder if it is me, Tomix, or RailModeller to blame. The main idea behind this version: if you don't know how to place one station, add another one and see what happens. Well, the result is generally satisfying.

What I like about this plan:

• The layout of Okoba station almost exactly replicates the real thing.
• Track length is enough for several-car-long trains, there is place for further expansion if needed
• There is also a second station, which theoretically gives trains a purpose to travel
• You can operate, i.e. arrive from the lower entrance, switch back, pass through the loop, stop at Yatake, then have a good ride along the sides, or you can just drive in circles for the sole pleasure of movement.
• Yatake is not only a station, but also a village. So, finally a place to display some 1:150 scale houses!

What I don't like about this plan

• It is huge, definitely no place for another couple of tables at home.
• The lower right angle is just an empty place. 
• There is still an impossible elevation at the lower left angle.
• Overall, this is definitely not a beginner's project

What to consider in the next version

• Consider adding a switchback to the lower section to accomodate elevations, may take a form of a station.
• OR cut the whole empty section away to reduce area.
• Reverse the direction of under the loop switchback, will provide some additional length.

Okoba Station - Prototype Information

Okoba Station (大畑駅 Okoba Eki) is a railway station on the JR Kyushu Hisatsu Line situated 5 kilometers (3 miles) south of Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto Prefecture. According to the Denshi Jisho — Online Japanese dictionary 大 means 'big or large', 畑 means 'farm, field, or garden', so the station name is most likely to mean 'large field'.

Okoba is the first stop from Hitoyoshi on the Mountain part of the Hisatsu Line, known for its long and numerous tunnels and steep gradients. Because of the gradients often two or three steam engines were required to pull heavy freight trains up (and down) the Yatake Mountain. Therefore all the stations had steam servicing facilities, which at Okoba consisted of a water tower and a service track (according to once source there used to be a locomotive shed).

Okoba is the only station in Japan to have both a full double switchback and a loop. This was necessary to overcome more than 50m (165 feet) elevation in a very limited space, so all the trains had to stop at Okoba.

The station has two stub-ended arrival-departure tracks plus a service track. It has a Meiji-era style wooden station building that is similar to Yatake and Masaki station buildings and that has been restored to its original look at the time the special historic Isaburo-Shinpei tourist train was launced. This is an unmanned station.

Many cherry and plum trees are planted around the station, and the place is widely attended during a plum blossom festival.

Track Configuration

Please click for a full size version. One chain is 66 feet or 20,1 meters, so the station has the smallest radius of 860 feet or 260 m. According to available video footage there is a small tunnel on the upper portion of the loop not shown on this scheme.

The Okoba station is situated at the altitude of 291.4 m. The next station, Yatake, is the highest point on the line, situated at the altitude of 536.9m. Maximum gradient is 33 ‰. Between Okoba and Yatake tourist trains stop for one of the three Japan's Best Railroad Views. Besides, after climbing the loop, the trains stop in a place from where the station can be seen from high above.

Image source: 田邉朔郎 (Sakurō TANABE) (1922). とんねる (Tunnel) (in Japanese), p. 86 f., Figure 115, 東京 (Tokyo): 丸善 (Maruzen) - published on Wikipedia.

History

The station was built in order to accomodate and service steam locomotives heavily used on the mountain section of Hisatsu Line between Hitoyoshi and Yoshimatsu. Passenger operations were limited as the nearest town was about 1 hour walk away. The line itself was built for strategical reasons, as it allowed the circulation of trains between Kagoshima and Kumamoto prefectures without threats of coastal attack.

Because the track is continuously rising up the slope all the way from Hitoyoshi, the heavy steam engines used (mostly Class D51) required refilling of water and coal, while the engine drivers used a specially constructed fountain to wash away soot. Generally, the station saw heavy daily passenger and freight traffic.

Because of the complex track configuration the construction took a considerable time, and the station was opened on December 26, 1909. During the construction 13 workers died, and there is a monument commemorating their sacrifice near the start of the loop.

On October 17, 1927 an alternative coastal route - the Hisatsu Orange Line - was opened, which contributed to a slow decline of operations on the old Mountain line.

On November 1, 1986 electronic blocking was introduced, and the station was made unmanned.

On April 1, 1987 (JNR privatization) the station was transferred to the JR Kyushu.

When the Kyushu Shinkansen line opened, the passengers nearly stopped using Hitoyoshi-Yoshimatsu Mountain Line, however JR Kyushu launched a compaign for its preservation, which included restauration of the buildings and operating a special Isaburo-Shinpei train which underwent a retro-style interior refurbishment and travels twice a day. This train makes stops at touristic locations, which, together with constant tourist information announcements, makes the journey interesting, comfortable, and relaxing.

Sources

• Okoba station Wikipedia articles in English and auto-translated Japanese.
• Yomiuri Shimbun
• Mica's Mixing Room by Mayumi Ueda (a wonderful Japanese website, contains plenty of photos on the Mountain Line stations, an extensive commentary and background information, as well as the blossom season photos)

Modelling Okoba Station

So, here comes the first attempt at squeezing the magnificent Okoba station in some modelling environment.

3D View

Track Plan

Far from ideal, of course, but nevertheless a nice start.

What I like about this plan:

• It is relatively compact, would nicely fit on my Ikea 75cm table plus extension
• Only Tomix set A+B is required for the whole thing plus 3 switches
• Incorporates all the features of the prototype station and even has space for blooming plums
• The station tracks are long enough

What I don't like about this plan:

• No continuous running
• No staging areas (should consider using more track)
• Needless waste of space, whole rectangular blocks can be cut off
• The upper zig-zag track is only 280mm long, will exclude anything longer than two car DMUs

What to consider in the next version:

• Diagonal placing
• Longer holding tracks
• Staging yards at both ends or continuous operation.
• Possible connections for on-floor operation or another module

Modelling the Hisatsu Line

This should have really been the first post, but, well, better late, than never.

It so happens that I have become interested in making a Japanese layout based on the JR Kyushu Hisatsu Line. This railway was built in the first decade of the 20th century, and therefore shares some unique features with other small and narrow gauge lines built at the same time in other parts of the world. Indeed, it has some old-style (or is it Meiji-era?) wooden stations, an overall remote look, unique track arrangements, a splendid mountain scenery and at the same time boasts solid infrastructure, a history of steam-era operation, and even a branded tourist train of its own! All chances to build a small station with some chic details and even get a chance to ring the bell of happiness in the N scale (that's an actual bell placed at the Masaki station, more on that later).

Okoba Station (大畑駅) with its double-switch back and a loop seems the most interesting prototype location. The track is laid in fact on three levels: below the station emerging from a tunnel, the station itself, and the loop that takes the train high above, only to get a glimpse of the  same scene below before disappearing in another tunnel. This mountain section of the Hisatsu Line had to apply the best engineering knowledge available at the time, in order to make the steam engines haul passengers and freight through (and above) these magnificent mountains, so the effort to create a convincing scene should be equally challenging. However, the station has enough potential to provide for both modest surroundings and a range of operations, including shunting, train meets, helper locomotives, and steam handling. 

Now the work has started on collecting of the prototype information, and looking for appropriate models. A nice idea to start would be to slightly backdate the scene (well, it hasn't changed much in the last 100 years), so that both steam trains with helper locos and modern DMUs can be operated. Luckily, hundreds of photos are available, some videos on YouTube can be easily found by copypasting station names in Japanese. I only wish someone would properly translate the Hisatsu Line's Wikipedia Page, according to Google Translation it contains a nice selection of facts on this railroad's history, which would be quite essential. 

In order to have a start I have bought a Microace steam engine with a highly detailed snowplow and a service passenger car, which has cute working red lights, as well as a Tomytec lumber mill just because it seemed appropriate for the rural scenery (actually it is a town factory, but well, the impression was quite different). More will come later, especially after I manage to find a couple of DMUs that actually run on the line and haven't been out of stock for too long, and decide on a track arrangement that will have both switchbacks, a loop, and still be small and portable enough to be placed out of reach of our small son when not in use.

Track Arrangement at the Okoba Station

I'll add a better version soon.

P.S. Dear Wikipedia, thank you for the images, see you soon.

Rolling Stock

Currently JR Kyushu operates a number of DMUs on the Hisatsu Line. These include the following:

KIHA 31
Operated in 1 or 2-car consists, as well as coupled to other DMUs. So far no information about a model is available.

KIHA 47

A more common type of DMUs used. Made by Kato and Microace (left, photo by HobbyWorld, look for Microace A0707), very decent in red, but there's no white-and-blue-stripe livery.




To be continued. Prototype photos from the Kyushu Railway Cars page.

A Station that may fit

Rural Station complete - Greenmax No.801 (1/150 scale) is probably the best there is for modelling small wooden stations like Okoba, Yatake, or Masaki. Of course, the covered platform would not be needed, as well as the semaphores, and there is nothing like the paper farmer warehouse seen on any of the photos at stations, but still it may be (or may be not) a suitable base for scratchbuilding the station and its surroundings. The following photos are taken from Plaza Japan.

JR Rolling Stock Guide

Somewhat useful for Hisatsu Line and very informative in general - the JR Rolling Stock Guide provides a lot of technical and historical data for different Japanese EMUs and DMU-s. 

Thanks to Ken Canada for the photo of this KIHA 47.

RM News Photo Blog in Japanese shows...

A strange train on the Okoba switchback.

Looks like the loco is DE10, the prototype information from Akihabara Station follows:

The DE10 is currently the only diesel road switcher in use by the various railways in Japan. The DE10 was developed by JNR in 1966 as a successor to the short-lived DD20. The DD20, initially developed as part of JNR’s modernization away from steam, was unsuited to branch-line use because of its high axle-weight, and unsuited to switching operations because of excessive slippage under load. The DE10 was developed to address these issues while increasing the overall horsepower. The weight was increased to 65t to improve traction; however doing so far exceeded the axle load of most switching yards and branch lines. To compensate, one bogie was extended to three axles, reducing the axle load while solving the traction problem, and giving the DE10 a unique profile.

Although the locomotive appears a C0-B0 class, the axles in the three-axle bogie are independently articulated, allowing the long bogie to negotiate the tight curves often encountered in switching yards. Thus, properly speaking, the DE10 is classified as A0A0A0-B0. It has a maximum operating speed of 85 km/h (53 mph), and produces a maximum output of 1,000kW (1350 HP).

Unlike many center-cab designs, the DE10 console faces sideways to the locomotive, so that during shunting operations, the engineer can accomplish reverse moves by simply turning his head, rather than getting up and moving to a different console.

Like most Japanese diesels, the DE10 is not diesel-electric. Rather, the V-12 diesel engine is connected to all five axles via a two-stage hydraulic transmission. This continuously variable transmission allows the DE10 to operate with a maximum speed of 45km/h in low “gear” and 85km/h in high.

(Sources: Wikipedia, JR’s Rolling Stock Guide.)

A decent model is made by Tomix (all information in the DE10 post at Akihabara Station) and a loco with a similar paint scheme is available at Hobby Search for 40-45 USD). Of course, this could be quite another loco as well, since no big photo is actually available, but still that's best we've got so far.

Old steam photos of Kyushu Railway

Old photos of Kuyushu Railway

Links, links, links

Sightseeing Train to Kagoshima 73 photos on flickr

Flickr searches for Okoba and Hisatsu Line.

Hisatsu Line, Kumamoto & Kagoshima, Japan on fotki.com.

Hisatsu Line Videos on taggy.jp (autotranslated by Google).

Link to a Hisatsu Line CD or DVD on a Japanese website.

Hisatsu Line - Old Photos

The site of Toshi Yoshioka features an amazing collection of steam-era photos of Hisatsu Line. The author regularly updates his online collection.

Be sure to visit Hisatsu Line pages on Mr. Yoshioka's Shishi-ga-tani (Deer Valley) Light Rail Website.

Hisatsu Line (Wikipedia)

The Hisatsu Line (肥薩線 Hisatsu-sen) is a railway line in Kyūshū, a Japanese island in the south. The line passes throughKumamoto, Miyazaki, and Kagoshima prefectures. It is part of the Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) system. The line goes from the Kagoshima Main Line in Yatsushiro to the Nippō Main Line in Hayato station in Kirishima.

Major part of the line is in the mountainous Kirishima range. No through trains is operated on this line. Rather, trains go fromYatsushiro to Hitoyoshi, from Hitoyoshi to Yoshimatsu, and from Yoshimatsu to Hayato. Until 2000, some trains had been from Kumamoto to Miyazaki that followed the section of the Hisatsu Line from Yatsushiro to Yoshimatsu.

Stations

Station	Distance (km)	Connections	Location
Yatsushiro	0.0	JR Kyūshū: Kagoshima Main Line Hisatsu Orange Railway: Hisatsu Orange Railway Line	Yatsushiro	Kumamoto
Dan	5.2
Sakamoto	11.0
Haki	14.4
Kamase	16.8
Setoishi	19.6
Kaiji	23.5		Ashikata Ashikata District
Yoshio	26.7
Shiroishi	29.8
Kyūsendō	34.9		Kuma, Kuma District
Isshōchi	39.8
Naraguchi	42.4
Watari	45.3
Nishi Hitoyoshi	48.4		Hitoyoshi
Hitoyoshi	51.8	Kumagawa Railway: Yunomae Line
Okoba	62.2
Yatake	71.7
Masaki	79.0		Ebino	Miyazaki
Yoshimatsu	86.8	JR Kyūshū：Kitto Line (Ebino Kōgen Line)	Yūsui, Aira District	Kagoshima
Kurino	94.3
Ōsumi-Yokogawa	100.8		Kirishima
Uemura	102.8
Kirishima Onsen	106.5
Kareigawa	112.3
Naka-fukura	114.4
Hyōkiyama	116.8
Hinatayama	121.6
Hayato	124.2	JR Kyūshū: Nippō Main Line

Previous connections

• Kurino: Yamano Line - abolished on 1st February 1988